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Mrs. Justilin J R is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Dhaanish Ahmed Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. She is engaged in teaching and academic activities in biomedical engineering. Her contribution explores the use of intelligent technologies for patient monitoring and emergency identification.
Cognitive patient surveillance and urgent detection have emerged as significant utilisations of artificial intelligence (AI) in contemporary healthcare, especially within intensive care units, emergency rooms, remote healthcare settings, and home-based patient oversight. Traditional patient monitoring systems predominantly depend on singular physiological metrics and established alert thresholds, which may prove inadequate for recognising intricate clinical decline or differentiating severe incidents from temporary anomalies. This chapter explores the core principles, computational frameworks, and intelligent strategies employed in the creation of multimodal AI-driven patient monitoring and emergency detection systems. The chapter additionally examines applications in cardiac crises, respiratory insufficiency, sepsis-induced decline, neurological emergencies, falls, and abrupt physiological irregularities. The chapter presents a conceptual model for dependable, scalable, and human-centric intelligent patient monitoring, highlighting that AI-generated notifications should augment rather than supplant professional clinical discernment.