Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are comprised of multiple resource-limited sensor nodes that work together to gather and relay data from physical surroundings. Due to the finite capacity of batteries powering sensor nodes, energy usage in communication and routing significantly affects network longevity and dependability. Energy-efficient routing methods seek to curtail superfluous transmissions, equilibrate energy usage among nodes, diminish communication overhead, and provide dependable data d

Allanki Sanyasi Rao, Mangalagiri Narmadha. In: Smart Computing Technologies: Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, and Cloud Computing — ISBN: 978-81-69935-44-9. Pages: 222 - 243

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are comprised of multiple resource-limited sensor nodes that work together to gather and relay data from physical surroundings. Due to the finite capacity of batteries powering sensor nodes, energy usage in communication and routing significantly affects network longevity and dependability. Energy-efficient routing methods seek to curtail superfluous transmissions, equilibrate energy usage among nodes, diminish communication overhead, and provide dependable data delivery. This chapter elucidates the essential principles of energy-conscious routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), routing frameworks, prominent energy-saving routing protocols, clustering methodologies, optimisation strategies, machine learning-driven routing, security aspects, performance indicators, challenges, and prospective research avenues. The amalgamation of artificial intelligence, edge computing, energy harvesting, and IoT technologies presents novel prospects for the creation of adaptive and intelligent routing systems in extensive WSN implementations.